Illustration showing individual sperm cells with heads and tails

Male infertility

Male infertility is when a couple has difficulty having a child due to problems with the man’s sperm production, function, or delivery. This page explains the causes and treatment options.

This chapter contains general information about male infertility. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice or treatment. Always consult your doctor or healthcare provider for guidance on your individual medical situation.

Last updated: June 2026

Reviewed by (2026 update): 

  • Dr. Afonso Morgado (EAU Guidelines Panel on Sexual and Reproductive Health)