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Kidney cancer

I have locally-advanced kidney cancer

A diagnosis of locally-advanced kidney cancer means the cancer has spread beyond the kidney but not to distant parts of the body. Learn what it means and what your treatment options are.

Possible treatments

Radical nephrectomy for locally-advanced kidney cancer

Locally advanced kidney cancer also called Stage 3 or Stage 4 kidney cancer, means the cancer has grown outside the kidney but hasn't spread to other parts of the body.

In Stage 3 kidney cancer the tumour has spread into the renal vein, the fat around the kidney, or the vena cava.
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In Stage 4 kidney cancer the tumour has spread outside the kidney, into the tissue around it and possibly the adrenal gland. Sometimes, nearby lymph nodes may also be swollen.
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The renal vein is a blood vessel that carries filtered blood from the kidney to the vena cava. Each kidney has a renal vein that helps remove waste and controls fluid balance in the body.

The vena cava is the major vein that collects blood from the renal veins and carries it back to the heart.

The adrenal glands are small glands on top of each kidney. They make important hormones that help control stress, metabolism, blood pressure, and energy levels.

Lymph nodes are small lumps of tissue that have white blood cells which fight infections.

This chapter contains general information about locally-advanced kidney cancer. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice or treatment. Always consult your doctor or healthcare provider for guidance on your individual medical situation.

Last updated: May 2025

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