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I have more complicated kidney stones

Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) for kidney stones

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a surgical procedure used to remove large or complex kidney stones. Learn how it works, what to expect, and who it’s for.

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Living with kidney stones

This type of operation is carried out when you have a number of kidney stones that are hard to reach or if they are too large (larger than 2cm) to be treated with shock waves or other methods like ureteroscopy.

During the operation, the doctor makes a small cut in your back to reach your kidney and remove the stones.

This type of surgery is done while you are asleep under general anaesthesia. You will need to stay in the hospital until you're able to comfortably empty your bladder and your pain and risk of bleeding are well controlled.

After the surgery, your doctor may place a small plastic tube (called a stent) to help urine flow, or a thin tube may be inserted through your back to drain urine into a bag. These are only temporary and will be removed by your doctor after a few days.

This animation shows what happens during percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

This chapter contains general information about kidney and ureteral stones. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice or treatment. Always consult your doctor or healthcare provider for guidance on your individual medical situation.

Last updated: May 2025.

Other possible treatments

Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) for kidney stones

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