Ureterocele

Ureterocele is a condition where a part of the ureter, the tube that connects the kidney to the bladder, forms a bulge or balloon-like structure inside the bladder. There are 2 types of ureterocele:

• Orthotopic ureterocele, where the bulge is located completely inside the bladder.
• Ectopic ureterocele, where the bulge extends into the bladder opening or the urethra.

The urethra is the urine tube that runs down from the bladder and carries urine out of the body.

Ureteroceles can cause urine to collect in the balloon-like structure, which can trigger problematic symptoms. 

Not all children with ureterocele experience symptoms and in some cases, the condition is only found when a child is undergoing medical scans or urinary tests later in life.

How common are ureteroceles? 

Ureteroceles are quite rare, affecting around one in every 4,000 children. It’s more commonly seen in girls than in boys, with girls being 4 to 7 times more likely to have the condition. About 80% of ureteroceles in children are linked to duplex kidneys, especially those affecting the upper part of the ureter. 

Duplex kidney is another term for ureteral duplication. This is where a child has 2 ureters (instead of one) connected to a single kidney. 

While ureterocele are not often detected before birth, the condition can cause an enlargement (swelling) of your baby’s urinary tract, which can be seen on an ultrasound scan. This swelling of the urinary tract could be due to a blockage in the flow of urine or be a sign of other urinary tract conditions.

Your medical team will keep a watchful eye on any swelling of your unborn baby’s urinary tract during your pregnancy. This way, if they detect potential problems, they will be on hand to provide specialist healthcare support to ensure your baby receives the best possible care and treatment. 

What are the symptoms of a ureterocele? 

Usually smaller and non-obstructed ureteroceles don’t cause any symptoms. However, some may experience urinary tract infections (UTIs), urinary frequency and urgency, or haematuria.

The treatment of a ureterocele depends on how severe your child’s symptoms are and how it affects their kidneys. Regular follow-up appointments with a specialist medical professional are important to manage and monitor the condition.

This chapter contains general information about ureterocele. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice or treatment. Always consult your doctor or healthcare provider for guidance on your individual medical situation.

Last updated: April 2025